Talpurs ruled Sindh for only sixty years (1783-1847). Most of their time, they remained busy in dealing with imposed diplomacy and conspiracies of the East India Company Government. In spite of that kind of diversion of their attention, they did their level best and added new settlements in the names of Tandos (villages). The Talpur wrested Karachi from Khan of Kalat in 1795, Shikarpur from Afghans in 1804 and Umarkot from Jodhpur in 1813.[40] Though they were Martial race of their time, but never used force against their subjects.

Rahimdad Moulai Shedai, an eminent Sindh Historian terms their rule as a period of peace and without economic hardships for the people[41]. They were tolerant and peace-loving rulers. Dr. Safia Bano in her books gives details about Talpurs’ patronage of arts and literature. [42]

Talpurs were Shia Muslims, whereas the majority of their subjects were Sunni Muslims. Therefore rulers avoided to interfere in religious affairs and that paved way for Hindu-Muslim rift on religious matters. Therefore, we find some serious incidents of Hindu Muslim rifts in this period. However, such type of situation was not because of Talpur Government’s policy, but, because of action and reaction of individuals from both, Hindu and Muslim Segments of society. Talpurs gave due share to Hindus in their Governments. Munshi Walram Advani served in Government of Mir Nasir Khan in capacity of the Prime Minister and Munshi Awatrai Advani was Minister for Finance in the Government of Mir Sobdar Khan.[43]

   It is round about 1778 A.D., when a Hindu magician Mahadeve in Thar Desert started converting Muslims [44]. Makhdoom Abdul Rahim Garhori, who was born in 1739 A.D. at village War of Taluka Khipro, district Sanghar [45] launched Jihad against Mahadev. This battle took place in 1778 A.D. when Makhdoom Abdul Rahim was 40 years old. Grohri attacked the temple and Mahadev was killed in that fight. Grohri was severely injured and died over there [46].

During this period it is noticed that in Khairpur and Shikarpur some Hindus were forcefully converted to Islam by Makhdooms of Khuhira and their followers. Wadhumal Diwan was Mukhtyarkar in Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur. He was compelled to embrace Islam by force. [47]

Bheromal Advani, in his book “Sindh Ji Hindun Ji Tareek” gives details of a terrible event. Diwan Gidumal is a big name with fame in the history of Sindh. He served in Kalhora and Talpur Governments on key post and was near & dear to rulers. He played a vital role as second to none Diplomat and brought Ahmad Shah Abdali from war place to table for task and in such a way Sindh was saved from attack of Ahmad Shah Abdali, who was in Sindh with that cause. It is said he was father of a beautiful daughter .Mir of Hyderabad heard a lot about that girl and managed to see her, hence, he visited Diwan Gidumal’s house very secretly. It was a big shock for Diwan Gidumal. He decided to migrate elsewhere, but all in vain. He killed his daughter and threw her body in the Indus.[48]. No doubt, the incident is horrible but, it was due to mishandling the matter by Mir and Diwan Gidumal.

While going through the pages of "Memoirs of Seth Naomul Hotchand of Karachi", where he writes on page 89 (third edition, printed by the Sindhi Literary Board in 1996 and translated into English in 1915):"It was somewhere between 1831 and '32. In Nasarpur (near Mirpurkhas, southern parts of Sindh), a young boy — the son of a Hindu peasant, and upset at his teacher for, perhaps, giving him a beating — went up to the gates of a local mosque and stood there.When a group of Muslims spotted him, they took the boy inside the mosque. This angered the Hindu community and triggered reactions like Hindu shopkeepers refusing to sell goods to Muslims, with Muslims retaliating by throwing litter into the well in Lyari, where many Hindus got their drinking water from."The next day, a man named Nooral Shah, and a 'Syed' by lineage, came to our neighborhood, cursing Hindus. My younger brother, Pursuram, who was standing at the outer gate of the neighborhood, asked Nooral Shah to refrain from it, but things heated up. In rage, Nooral Shah began claiming that Pursuram had insulted the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and a huge Muslim crowd gathered to agitate."Later, Nooral Shah went to various cities of Sindh with a Quran held up to his chest, inciting Muslims [to act against the Hindus]. Somehow, my brother managed to slip out of city and go to Jaisalmer. Meanwhile, the matter was taken to the court of the ruler of Sindh, Mir Murad Ali Talpur. It was a sensitive matter, with a lot of pressure being generated by Muslim groups. Mir sahib sent for my father to send Pursuram to Hyderabad. Since Pursuram was not in Karachi, Mir sahib ordered my father to appear at his court. ""When my father reached Hyderabad, Mir sahib referred him to the Qazi (religious judge) of Nasarpur, which is a small city not far from Hyderabad. The Qazi refused to hear the case. Then all of a sudden, Muslims attacked my father and kidnapped him. He was taken hostage for 10-12 days.""At first, they wanted to turn him into a Muslim (meaning, circumcise him). However, my father was over 50 years old, not to mention such an act was against Islamic prescriptions as well. Along with that, the Muslims feared that the act would cause too big a reaction, so they changed their mind. Later, Mir Murad Ali regretted the incident and ordered that my father be set free at once. That's when he was finally let go."Nevertheless, the more common understanding in Sindh remained that Hotchand had been circumcised. The incident has been described in detail in Seth Naomal's memoirs. It was first incident in the history of Sindh in which mass participation is witnessed using and misusing religion as a point of difference between Hindus and Muslims.

It is obvious that Talpurs Government never encouraged Hindu-Muslims differences but on the contrary they accommodated Hindus in their Governments List of key post holders Hindus during Talpur rule is given as under:

Ajumal, Diwan- forefather of Ajwani caste- Diwan of Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Dalpatrai Ajwani, Diwan (Diwan of Mir Rustom Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Jaromal Budhardas Ahuja (Nawab in Talpurs’ period)

Jethanand alies Diwan Ajwani (Diwan of Mir Rustam Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Kansing Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan (Minister in the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Khatansing Hotsing, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur’s Government and Assistant Minister in the Government of Mir Faiz Muhammad Talpur of Khairpur)

Kishandas Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan (Munshi to Mir Sohrab Khan and Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Lakhmichand, Diwan (Diplomat in the Government of Mir Rustam Khan and Auditor General in the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Laldas, Diwan (Family Doctor of Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Mangharam Mishi Vishindas, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Molaram Kansing, Diwan (Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Partabrai, Diwan (Diplomat in the Government of Mir Rustom Khan Talpur and Auditor General in the Government of Mir Muras Ali Khan Talpur of Khairpur)

Sajansing Kansing, Diwan (Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur

Valiram Munshyani, Diwan (Minister in Talpur Government of Hyderabad)

Wadhumal, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur.

It is first time in history of Sindh that Conversion took place at large and both, Hindus and Muslims were equally responsible for it. Mahadev in territory of Khairpur State launched campaign of Converting Muslims and Muslims made Naunmal’s father target to impose Conversion upon him. Hence, from here, era of Conversion begins.